Hafidh Numa, R. M. and Abdulrazaq Hassan, P. D. Z. (2024) “The Abbasid Rooting of the Caliphate Issue Through the Writings of Al-Jahiz”, Basra studies journal, 1(51), pp. 133–158. Available at: http://bsj.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/bsj/article/view/194 (Accessed: 21 June 2025).