Effect of Climate on the Carp Fish Farming in Basra Governorate

Abstract

The research aims to reveal the extent of the influence of the climatic characteristics of Basra Governorate on the breeding and production of carp fish. The climatic characteristics of the observed elements were analyzed for the period (2009-2021), The results showed that the province of Basra enjoys a high percentage of the number of hours of actual brightness (lighting period) and that the growing season is throughout the year, which helps the growth and reproduction of carp fish, and the cultivation of crops that enter into the provision of fish diet. The thermal limits of carp fish agreed with the average of the monthly temperature for the months (September, October, March, April), and the wind speed recorded high rates during the summer months, which causes an increase in the percentage of water losses and an increase in the percentage of salts in the water of fish ponds. This also affects small fish (larvae). As it inflicts great losses, on the other hand, it causes damage to agricultural production, which is used as fish feed. The total annual amount of rain falling in Basra Governorate was recorded (114.17 mm), so this amount could constitute a water revenue for fish farming ponds, while the surface evaporation values ​​in Basra Governorate recorded a high value, as its annual total amounted to (3994.95 mm), so the budget must be studied Between the quantities of water available to equip the ponds with the quantities of water lost due to evaporation to compensate for the shortage with another water source. With regard to the correlation relationship, the results showed an inverse relationship between the monthly averages of climatic elements (solar radiation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, monthly average temperature, wind, evaporation), and the monthly rates of fish quantities are also associated with a direct relationship with the monthly averages of precipitation.